{"id":41774,"date":"2024-11-25T18:29:49","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T22:29:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smartcherry.cl\/?p=41774"},"modified":"2024-11-25T18:29:50","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T22:29:50","slug":"los-desafios-para-el-sector-agricultor-en-materia-de-clima-y-alta-radiacion-uv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smartcherry.cl\/en\/noticias\/los-desafios-para-el-sector-agricultor-en-materia-de-clima-y-alta-radiacion-uv\/","title":{"rendered":"Los desaf\u00edos para el sector agricultor en materia de clima y alta radiaci\u00f3n UV"},"content":{"rendered":"

Con bastante inter\u00e9s es seguida por la comunidad cient\u00edfica la situaci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica que caracteriza el cierre de este a\u00f1o.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esto fue planteado por el investigador de INIA Quilamapu y especialista en agroclimatolog\u00eda, Ra\u00fal Orrego, quien se\u00f1al\u00f3 que la llegada del fen\u00f3meno de La Ni\u00f1a se ha ido postergando a lo largo del a\u00f1o, lo que en la pr\u00e1ctica fue bastante beneficioso para el sector agr\u00edcola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLa Ni\u00f1a, por lo general, se caracteriza por la presencia de heladas en invierno y primavera, que generan importantes da\u00f1os en follajes y brotes de \u00e1rboles, cultivos y praderas, aspectos que fueron menores esta temporada en el centro sur del pa\u00eds\u201d<\/em>, afirm\u00f3 el experto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orrego sostuvo que por estos d\u00edas nos encontramos en una condici\u00f3n neutral, aunque el mar se est\u00e1 enfriando. \u201cEstamos acerc\u00e1ndonos a una condici\u00f3n de Ni\u00f1a, pero para que se consolide, la temperatura de los oc\u00e9anos tiene que bajar al menos 0,5 grados en promedio\u201d<\/em>, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En palabras simples, Ra\u00fal Orrego aclar\u00f3 que La Ni\u00f1a consiste en un enfriamiento en la temperatura del mar a nivel mundial que se asocia, fundamentalmente, a sequedad con inviernos y primaveras fr\u00edas, y veranos de mucho calor (en la zona central y centro sur de Chile). \u201cComo no ha llegado La Ni\u00f1a, la condici\u00f3n es bastante especial, con nubosidad costera y nieblas matutinas en casi todo el pa\u00eds\u201d<\/em>, plante\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El investigador de INIA Quilamapu agreg\u00f3 que esta situaci\u00f3n ha refrescado las temperaturas, existiendo d\u00edas muy c\u00e1lidos y otros muy fr\u00edos para la \u00e9poca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alta radiaci\u00f3n UV<\/strong>
El \u00edndice UV es un \u00edndice de peligrosidad de la radiaci\u00f3n que, en condiciones normales, oscila entre 1 (poca radiaci\u00f3n) y 11 (extrema radiaci\u00f3n). Aclar\u00f3 que esta cifra puede superarse en condiciones de una capa de ozono muy debilitada y en periodos de gran incidencia de radiaci\u00f3n, lo que normalmente ocurre a finales de primavera y durante el verano.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEl que haga o no calor no nos libera de este este problema de la radiaci\u00f3n ultravioleta que es bastante serio\u201d<\/em>, tras lo cual Orrego recalc\u00f3 que por una condici\u00f3n de la atm\u00f3sfera, la capa de ozono est\u00e1 m\u00e1s delgada \u201clo que permite el ingreso de mucha radiaci\u00f3n, con cifras que no recuerdo haber visto\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El investigador de INIA Quilamapu se refiri\u00f3 a las cifras que est\u00e1n alcanzando los \u00edndices de radiaci\u00f3n ultravioleta (UV) que por estos d\u00edas han llegado a 11 en la Regi\u00f3n del Biob\u00edo), 12 en \u00d1uble y hasta 13 en O\u2019Higgins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSe han registrado valores bastante m\u00e1s altos a lo normal; pero ojo, no necesariamente vinculados al calor, porque tambi\u00e9n ocurren con d\u00edas nublados, toda vez que las nubes no filtran la radiaci\u00f3n UV\u201d<\/em>, puntualiz\u00f3, agregando que la alta presencia de rayos UV se advierte en la sensaci\u00f3n de que \u201cla piel pica o se quema\u201d, lo que ocurre dentro del rango de las 11 de la ma\u00f1ana y 5 de la tarde.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Efectos en la agricultura<\/strong>
En t\u00e9rminos agr\u00edcolas, la investigadora de frutales y fisi\u00f3loga de INIA Quilamapu, Yessica Salvadores, dio a conocer que un aumento en la radiaci\u00f3n UV afecta el proceso fotosint\u00e9tico de las plantas, lo que compromete sus reservas y, por ende, podr\u00edan afectarse los rendimientos y calidad de los frutos de la temporada siguiente, adem\u00e1s de incidencia en la calidad de la temporada actual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La investigadora especific\u00f3 que para el caso de la cereza (cuya cosecha ya se inici\u00f3), debe ponerse especial atenci\u00f3n en el cuidado de las plantas despu\u00e9s de la poscosecha, procurando un riego adecuado durante el verano, adem\u00e1s del uso de protectores solares para evitar la formaci\u00f3n de frutos dobles y ca\u00edda anticipada de las hojas, lo que afecta las reservas de la planta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Riesgo en humanos y animales<\/strong>
\u201cEs importante recordar que quienes est\u00e9n trabajando en el campo deben protegerse de la radiaci\u00f3n solar, para evitar da\u00f1os en la piel y los ojos\u201d<\/em>, sentenci\u00f3 Ra\u00fal Orrego, enfatizando la necesidad de usar filtros solares (bloqueadores) en la piel, sombreros de ala ancha o gorros de legionario, y lentes oscuros certificados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En cuanto a los efectos sobre los animales, el especialista en agroclimatolog\u00eda especific\u00f3 que \u201ces relevante, porque no todos recuerdan que los animales tambi\u00e9n necesitan sombra\u201d<\/em>. Al respecto, destac\u00f3 la importancia de que estos tengan espacios donde guarecerse de la radiaci\u00f3n y del calor, tras lo cual insisti\u00f3 en que \u201chay que prever, adem\u00e1s, la presencia de agua para la correcta hidrataci\u00f3n\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadores de INIA Quilamapu destacan la importancia de adoptar medidas preventivas para proteger a personas, animales y cultivos.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":273,"featured_media":41775,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[200,206,208,1899,2701,3848],"category_proveedor":[],"pais":[],"class_list":["post-41774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias","tag-agricultura","tag-clima","tag-la-nina","tag-inia","tag-radiacion","tag-uv"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLos desaf\u00edos para el sector agricultor en materia de clima y alta radiaci\u00f3n UV - Smartcherry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Con bastante inter\u00e9s es seguida por la comunidad cient\u00edfica la situaci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica que caracteriza el cierre de este a\u00f1o.\" 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